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(A) FISH with a probe to the HER2 gene shows the usual two copies of the HER2 gene (red signals) and two copies of the control probe (green signal) in each cell. (B) Immunohistochemistry on this tumour with a normal HER2 gene complement shows little expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor, which is encoded by the HER2 gene. (C) FISH shows many copies of the HER2 gene in each cell. (D) Immunohistochemistry on this tumour shows over-expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor, localized to the cell surface. Tumours showing overexpression of HER2 show an improved prognosis following treatment with Trasumatab (Herceptin ^TM). (Images provided by Dr Lee Jordan, Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School.)